I was reading reading about convolution matrix which was brillianty explained by Colah. If you're looking for good blog to follow, you might want to add him into the list. One of the application of convolution matrix is image manipulation like applying filters to the image.
The cool part is that the filters are just some matrix that you apply to the image. If you want to know more about the inner working of convolution matrix in image processing, check out this brief explanation from GIMP.
There are several packages that have convolution filter built-in like the one in OpenCV, but just for fun, I implemented image filtering from scratch.
Code
from __future__ import division
import numpy as np
import argparse
import cv2
def apply_conv(img, kernel, factor = 1):
rows, columns = img.shape
img_copy = img
kern_row, kern_height = kernel.shape
window = kern_row
for row in xrange(0, rows - window + 1):
for column in xrange(0, columns - window + 1):
cell = img[row:row + window, column:column + window]
conv = cell * kernel
val = np.sum(conv * factor)
if val > 255:
val = 255
elif val < 0:
val = 0
img_copy[row,column] = val
return img_copy
def main():
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-i", "--image", required = True, help = "Path to the image")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())
img = cv2.imread(args["image"])
b,g,r = cv2.split(img)
# set the kernel
edge_kernel = np.array([[0,0,0,0,0], [0,0,0,0,0], [-1,-1,2,0,0], [0,0,0,0,0], [0,0,0,0,0]])
edge_detect_kernel = np.array([[0,1,0], [1,-4,1], [0,1,0]])
sharpen_kernel = np.array([[-1,-1,-1], [-1,9,-1], [-1,-1,-1]])
sharpen2_kernel = np.array([[0,-1,0], [-1,5,-1], [0,-1,0]])
motion_blur_kernel = np.array([[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0], [0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0], [0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0], [0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0], [0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0], [0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0], [0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0], [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0], [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]])
blur_kernel = np.array([[1,1,1], [1,1,1], [1,1,1]])
emboss_kernel = np.array([[-2,-1,0], [-1,1,1], [0,1,2]])
kernel = emboss_kernel
# for blur kernel, a good factor usually 1/9
factor = 1
b_img = apply_conv(b, kernel, factor)
g_img = apply_conv(g, kernel, factor)
r_img = apply_conv(r, kernel, factor)
new_img = cv2.merge((b, g, r))
cv2.imshow("image_processed", new_img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Play around with the kernel
variable and change it to any of the pre-defined kernel.
Results
Here are some results.
Original image
Using edge_detect_kernel
Using motion_blur_kernel
As you may notice, the edge of the image is from the original. This is expected. There are several method to average out the pixel which is unprocessed, the easiest would be to crop the image :p